Plasma glutathione peroxidase (gpx 3) activity in the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans after isoflurane inhalation anesthesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction. Gluthatione peroxidases are selenoenzymes which have a crucial role in the protection of animals against oxidative stress.
Materials and Methods. From September 2017 to April 2018 a group of eight red-eared sliders were admitted at the Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Belgrade for elective diagnostic celioscopy.The turtles were of unknown age, weight from 1.20 kg to 1.86 kg. The anesthesia protocol involved using ketamine and medetomidine both at a low dosage (10 mg kg-1 and 0.1 mg kg-1 , respectively) as induction after which anaesthesia was maintained using isoflurane at 3% (vapour setting) in 100 % oxygen (0.5 L/min). Medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole 0.2 mg kg-1, given intramuscularly (IM). The elective celioscopy was done according to standard protocols. One day prior to anesthesia heparinized blood samples were taken using the subcarapacial venous plexus for venipuncture. The second sampling took place three hours after the anaesthetics were administered.
Results and Conclusions. GPx3 (n=8) activity in the blood plasma was measured by the coupled test as described by Günzler et al. (1974). Data were tested for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the groups were compared using a paired t- test.
Blood plasma GPx 3 activity was significantly higher (p= 0.008545) after a three hour recovery period from inhalation anesthesia performed for elective diagnostic celioscopy. The measured post-anesthesia values were on average higher by almost 80% compared to the measurements prior to anesthesia. It can be concluded that the statistically significant increase in the activity of plasma GPx3 from 91.02±36.05 mKat/l prior to anesthesia to 160.21 ±58.94 mKat/l three hours after anesthesia is due to the change in oxygen concentration which is increased to 100% during the procedure thus exposing the turtles to conditions of high oxygen concentrations.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media. Articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
References
Gibbons J. W. 1990. Life History and Ecology of the Slider Turtle. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press.
Greer L. L., Jenne K. J., Diggs H. 2001. Medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Contemporary Topics, 40(3):8-11.
Günzler W. A., Kremers H., Flohé L. 1974. An improved coupled test procedure for glutathione peroxidase (E.C. 1.11.1.9) in blood. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 12(10):444–448. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.1974.12.10.444
Hermes-Lima M., Storey K. B. 1993. Antioxidant defenses in the tolerance of freezing and anoxia by garter snakes. American Journal of Physiology, 265(3):646-652. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.3.R646
Hermes-Lima M., Storey K. B. 1995. Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depression in a pulmonate land snail. American Journal of Physiology, 268(6):1386-1393. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.6.R1386
Innis C. J. 2010. Endoscopy and Endosurgery of the Chelonian Reproductive Tract, Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice, 13(2):243–254, doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.01.005
Joanisse D. R., Storey K. B. 1996. Oxidative damage and antioxidants in Rana sylvatica, the freeze tolerant wood frog. American Journal of Physiology, 271(3):545-553. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.3.R545
Lutz P. L., Storey K. B. 1997. Adaptations to variations of oxygen tensions by vertebrates and invertebrates. In Handbook of Comparative Physiology, Boca Raton: CRC Press
Margis R., Dunanad C., Teixeira F. K., Margis-Pinheiro M. 2008. Glutathione peroxidase family – an evolutionary overview. FEBS Journal, 275(15):3959-3970. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06542.x
Storey K. B. 1996. Oxidative stress: animal adaptations in nature. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 29(12):1715-1733.
Ultsch G. R. 1989. Ecology and physiology of hibernation and overwintering among freshwater fishes, turtles and snakes. Biological Reviews, 64(4):435-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1989.tb00683.x
Yoshimura S., Wantanabe K., Suemizu H., Onozawa T., Mizoguchi J., Tsuda K., Hatta H., Moriuchi T. 1991. Tissue specific expression of the plasma glutathione peroxidase gene in rat kidney. Journal of Biochemistry, 109(6):918-923. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123480
Willmore G. W., Cowan K. J., Storey K. B. 2001. Effects of anoxia exposure and aerobic recovery on metabolic enzyme activities in the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79(10):1822-1828. https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-149
Willmore W. G., Storey K. B. 1997. Antioxidant systems and anoxia tolerance in a freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 170(1-2):177-185. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006817806010