MALDI-TOF MS profiling of piscine Acinetobacter species from wastewater-related waters
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Acinetobacter species are common inhabitants of freshwater and marine ecosystems with a capacity to induce disease in affected fish. To facilitate their rapid and reliable identification, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), was applied to Acinetobacter from fish. The aims of the study were, thus, to identify and profile the Acinetobacter species from tissues of fish living in a vulnerable environment impacted by wastewaters, and to assess the potential of MALDI-TOF MS as a method for discriminating these acinetobacters. Fish were sampled from waterways impacted by the activity of a wastewater treatment plant. Samples of gills, spleen, kidney and liver were streaked onto general-purpose media to purity. The profiling and identification of acinetobacters was conducted with MALDI-TOF MS, with the samples prepared by ethanol/formic acid extraction.The identified acinetobacters were retrieved from gills (68.96 %), kidney (13.79 %), liver (10.34 %), and spleen (6.89 %). The Acinetobacter species isolated from all tested fish tissues were A. johnsonii (79.31 %), A. pittii (10.34 %), A. tandoii (3.44 %), A. guilouiae (3.44 %), and A. gerneri (3.44 %). Highly probable and probable species identifications were obtained for 48.27 % of all acinetobacters tested, indicating fully reliable identification. MALDI‐TOF MS gave excellent identification and profiling results for piscine Acinetobacter species from the wastewater-affected waterways. It is a recommendable technique for future Acinetobacter species discrimination, as accurate and rapid identification of these bacteria is critical in both environmental pollution management and human/veterinary clinical diagnostics.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media. Articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
References
Adewoyin M. A., Okoh A. I. 2020. Seasonal shift in physicochemical factors revealed the ecological variables that modulate the density of Acinetobacter species in freshwater resources. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10): 3606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103606.
Anjur N., Sabran S F., Daud H. M., Othman N. Z. 2021. An update on the ornamental fish industry in Malaysia: Aeromonas hydrophila-associated disease and its treatment control. Veterinary World, 14(5): 1143-1152. https://dx.doi.org/10.14202%2Fvetworld.2021.1143-1152
Austin B., Austin D. 2007. Bacterial fish pathogens: Disease in farmed and wild fish (4th ed.) Ed. L. Laird, Springer-Praxis series in aquaculture and fisheries. Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester UK, pp 545.
Bošnjak I., Bielen A., Babić S., Šver L., Topić Popović N., Strunjak-Perović I., Čož-Rakovac R., Sauerborn Klobučar R. 2014. First evidence of the P-glycoprotein gene expression (P-gp/Abcb1) and MXR activity modulation in earthworm Eisenia fetida. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 65: 67-75. https://doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2421.
Cao H., Ye W., He S., Li Y., Yang Y. 2016. Acinetobacter lwoffii: an emerging pathogen for red head disease in farmed channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, IJA_68.2016.1325.
Doughari H. J., Ndakidemi P. A., Human I. S., Benade, S. 2011. The ecology, biology and pathogenesis of Acinetobacter spp.: An overview. Microbes and Environments, 26(2): 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME10179.
Kozińska A., Paździor E., Pękala A., Niemczuk, W. 2014. Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter lwoffii - the emerging fish pathogens. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 58(2): 193–199. doi:10.2478/bvip-2014-0029.
Pękala-Safińska A. 2018. Contemporary threats of bacterial infections in freshwater fish. Journal of Veterinary Research, 62(3): 261–267. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0037.
Plumb J. A , Hanson L. H. 2010. Health maintenance and principal microbial diseases of cultured fishes, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 483.
Preena P. G., Arathi D., Sundar Raj N., Arun Kumar T.V., Arun Raja S., Reshma R.N., Raja Swaminathan T. 2019. Diversity of antimicrobial resistant pathogens from a freshwater ornamental fish farm. Letters in Applied Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13231.
Santos L., Ramos F. 2018. Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: Current knowledge and alternatives to tackle the problem. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 52(2): 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.03.010.
Topić Popović N., Kazazić S., Bojanić K., Strunjak-Perović I., Čož-Rakovac R. 2021. Sample preparation and culture conditions effects on MALDI-TOF MS identification of bacteria: A review. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21739.
Topić Popović N., Kazazić S., Strunjak-Perović I., Čož-Rakovac R.. 2017. Differentiation of environmental aquatic bacterial isolates by MALDI-TOF MS. Environmental Research, 152:7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.020.
Topić Popović N., Kazazić S., Strunjak-Perović I., Sauerborn Klobučar R., Barišić J., Babić S., Jadan M., Kepec S., Kazazić S., Matijatko V., Beer Ljubić B., Car I., Repec S., Stipaničev D., Klobučar I.V., Čož-Rakovac R. 2015a. Impact of treated wastewater on organismic biosensors at various levels of biological organization. Science of the Total Environment, 538:23-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.044.
Topić Popović N., Kazazić S., Strunjak-Perović I., Barišić J., Sauerborn Klobučar R., Kepec S., Čož-Rakovac R. 2015b. Detection and diversity of aeromonads from treated wastewater and fish inhabiting effluent and downstream waters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 120: 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.011.
Wang X., Li J., Cao X., Wang W., Luo Y. 2020. Isolation, identification and characterisation of an emerging fish pathogen, Acinetobacter pittii, from diseased loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in China. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 113(1): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-019-01312-5.
Xie R., Shao N., Zheng, J. 2020. Integrated co-functional network analysis on the resistance and virulence features in Acinetobacter baumannii. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.598380.