Impact of various housing conditions on the occurrence of pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction. This study assessed the effect of farming system, feeding system, floor type, housing density and gender on the occurrence of pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 400 pigs from four farms with different housing conditions. The plucks of 100 slaughtered pigs from each farm were examined for pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis and milk spots.
Results and Conclusions. Pigs housed in a large-scale indoor farm had the lowest incidence of pneumonia. The highest occurrence of pneumonia was recorded in pigs fattened in a small-scale farm in pens with outdoor access. Pigs reared on farms in pens with outdoor access had the highest incidence of milk spots. Pigs from farms using pellet feeding systems had higher incidences of pneumonia, pleurisy and milk spots than those from a farm using a liquid feeding system. A rearing system comprising concrete floors without bedding resulted in the highest incidence of pneumonia in pigs. Pigs from a farm using a concrete floor with bedding had the highest occurrence of milk spots. The lowest incidence of milk spots was recorded in pigs from farms using fully-slatted floors. Compared to low housing density, high housing density resulted in higher incidences of pneumonia, pericarditis and milk spots in pigs. A higher prevalence of lung lesions was detected in barrows than in gilts. This study showed the most significant risk factors for the occurrence of pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs are pens with outdoor access, pellet feeding system, concrete floor, high housing density and gender.
Downloads
Article Details
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media. Articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
References
Alawneh J. I., Parke C. R., Lapuz E. J., David J. E., Basinang V. G., Baluyut A. S., Barnes T. S., Villar E. C., Lopez M. L., Meers J., Blackall P.J. 2018. Prevalence and risk factors associated with gross pulmonary lesions in slaughtered pigs in smallholder and commercial farms in two provinces in the Philippines. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5:7. http://dx.doi. org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00007
Čobanović N., Vasilev D., Dimitrijević M., Teodorović V., Janković Lj., Karabasil N. 2017. Bood parameters, carcass and meat quality of slaughter pigs with and without liver milk spots. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 33(4):397-407. https://doi.org/10.2298/ BAH1704397C
Council Directive. 2008. Council Directive 2008/120/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs. Official Journal of the European Union, 316:36-38.
Dalmau A., Fabrega E., Manteca X., Velarde A. 2014. Health and welfare management of pigs based on slaughter line records. Dairy, Veterinary and Animal Research, 1(3):00016. https://doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2014.01.00016
Dangolla A., Willeberg P., Bjørn H., Roepstorff A. 1996. Associations of Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum spp. infections of sows with management factors in 83 Danish sow herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 27(3-4): 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167- 5877(95)01002-5
Done S.H. 1991. Environmental factors affecting the severity of pneumonia in pigs. Veterinary Record, 128(25): 582-586. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.128.25.582
Fablet C., Dorenlor V., Eono F., Eveno E., Jolly J. P., Portier F., Bidan F., Madec F., Rose N. 2012. Noninfectious factors associated with pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughtered pigs from 143 farrow-to-finish pig farms. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 104(3-4):271-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.11.012
Gill B. P. 2007. Liquid feeding: A technology that can deliver benefits to producer profitability, pig health & welfare, environment, food safety and meat quality. In Paradigms in Pig Science.
J. Wiseman, M. A. Varley, S. McOrist, and B. Kemp, Eds. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK, 107-128.
Harley S., More S., Boyle L., O’Connell N., Hanlon A. 2012. Good animal welfare makes economic sense: potential of pig abattoir meat inspection as a welfare surveillance tool. Irish Veterinary Journal, 65(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-65-11
Jaeger H. J., Pearce G. P., Tucker A. W., Wood J. L. N., Done S., Strugnell B., Williamson S., Woodger N., Burling J., Habernoll H., Dewhirst J. 2009. Pleurisy in pigs: Associated risk factors and impact on health, welfare and performance 2005-2008. [http://www.bpex.org. uk/KTRandD/ ResearchAndDevelopment/Pleurisy.aspx].
Jäger H. C., McKinley T. J., Wood J. L., Pearce G.P., Williamson S., Strugnell B., Done S., Habernoll H., Palzer A., Tucker A. W. 2012. Factors associated with pleurisy in pigs: a case-control analysis of slaughter pig data for England and Wales. PloS One, 7(2): e29655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029655
Karabasil N., Čobanović N., Vučićević I., Stajković S., Becskei Z., Forgách P., Aleksić-Kovačević S. 2017. Association of the severity of lung lesions with carcass and meat quality in slaughter pigs. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 65(3):354-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2017.034
Leps J., Fries R. 2009. Incision of the heart during meat inspection of fattening pigs – A risk-profile approach. Meat Science, 81(1):22-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. meatsci.2008.07.002
Petkevicius S., Knudsen K. B., Nansen P., Roepstorff A., Skjøth F., Jensen K. 1997. The impact of diets varying in carbohydrates resistant to endogenous enzymes and lignin on populations of Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs. Parasitology, 114(6):555- 568.
Prunier A., Bonneau M., Von Borell E. H., Cinotti S., Gunn M., Fredriksen B., Giersing M., Morton D. B., Tuyttens F. A. M., Velarde A. 2006. A review of the welfare consequences of surgical castration in piglets and the evaluation of non-surgical methods. Animal Welfare- Potters Bar Then Wheathampstead-, 15(3):277.
Roepstorff A., Jorsal S. E. 1990. Relationship of the prevalence of swine helminths to management practices and anthelmintic treatment in Danish sow herds. Veterinary Parasitology, 36(3-4):245-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(90)90036-b
Roepstorff A., Nansen P. 1994. Epidemiology and control of helminth infections in pigs under intensive and non-intensive production systems. Veterinary Parasitology, 54(1-3):69-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)90084-1
Sánchez P., Pallarés F. J., Gómez M. A., Bernabé A., Gómez S., Seva J. 2018. Importance of the knowledge of pathological processes for risk-based inspection in pig slaughterhouses (Study of 2002 to 2016). Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 31(11):1818-1827. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0070
Sanchez-Vazquez M. J. 2013. Epidemiological Investigations Utilizing Industry Abattoir Data-a Study in Finishing Pigs. Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Sanchez-Vazquez M. J., Nielen M., Edwards S. A., Gunn G. J., Lewis F. I. 2012. Identifying associations between pig pathologies using a multi-dimensional machine learning methodology. BMC Veterinary Research, 8(1):151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148- 8-151
Sanchez-Vazquez M. J., Smith R. P., Kang S., Lewis F., Nielen M., Gunn G. J., Edwards S. A. 2010. Identification of factors influencing the occurrence of milk spot livers in slaughtered pigs: a novel approach to understanding Ascaris suum epidemiology in British farmed pigs. Veterinary Parasitology, 173(3-4):271-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.06.029
SPSS. 2015. Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (version S23.0). SPSS Inc., Armonk, NY: IBM Corp., USA.
Stärk K. D. 2000. Epidemiological investigation of the influence of environmental risk factors on respiratory diseases in swine – a literature review. The Veterinary Journal, 159(1):37-56. https://doi.org/10.1053/tvjl.1999.0421
Stygar A. H., Niemi J. K., Oliviero C., Laurila T., Heinonen M. 2016. Economic value of mitigating Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infections in pig fattening herds. Agricultural Systems, 144:113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.02.005
Teixeira D. L., Harley S., Hanlon A., O’Connell N. E., More S. J., Manzanilla E. G., Boyle L. A. 2016. Study on the association between tail lesion score, cold carcass weight, and viscera condemnations in slaughter pigs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 3:1-7. https://doi. org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00024
Thomsen L. E., Mejer H., Wendt S., Roepstorff A., Hindsbo O. 2001. The influence of stocking rate on transmission of helminth parasites in pigs on permanent pasture during two consecutive summers. Veterinary Parasitology, 99(2):129-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0304-4017(01)00454-x
van Staaveren N., Vale A. P., Manzanilla E. G., Teixeira D. L., Leonard F. C., Hanlon A., Boyle L. A. 2016. Relationship between tail lesions and lung health in slaughter pigs. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 127:21-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.03.004
Welfare Quality®. 2009. Welfare Quality® assessment protocol for pigs (sow and piglets growing and finishing pigs). Welfare Quality® Consortium, L., The Netherlands.